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| Incoterms
The International Chamber of Commerce has taken approximately two years to review and revise the Incoterms. Now known as Incoterms 2000, these took effect on January 1, 2000.
The major revisions are summarized below.
Loading and unloading obligations under FCA“Free Carrier” means the seller delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place. The chosen place of delivery has a direct impact on the obligations of loading and unloading the goods at that place. If delivery occurs at the seller’s premises, the seller is responsible for loading. If delivery occurs at any other place, the seller is not responsible for unloading.
Customs clearance for FAS and DEQFAS now places the responsibility for clearing the goods for export on the seller, and DEQ now places the responsibility for clearing the goods for import on the buyer.
Category
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The seller only makes the goods available to the buyer at the seller’s own premises. |
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The seller delivers the goods to a carrier appointed by the buyer. |
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The seller has to contract for carriage, but without assuming the risk of loss of or damage to the goods or additional costs due to events occurring after shipment and dispatch. |
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The seller has to bear all costs and risks needed to bring the goods to the place of destination. |
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Group
| Group E |
Departure |
| EXW |
Ex Works.... (named place) |
| Group F |
Main Carriage Unpaid |
| FCA |
Free Carrier.... (named place) |
| FAS |
Free Alongside Ship....
(named port of shipment) |
| FOB |
Free On Board....
(named port of shipment) |
| Group C |
Main Carriage Paid |
| CFR |
Cost and Freight....
(named port of destination) |
| CIF |
Cost, Insurance and Freight....
(named port of destination) |
| CPT |
Carriage Paid To....
(named place of destination) |
| CIP |
Carriage and Insurance Paid To....
(named place of destination) |
| Group D |
Arrival |
| DAF |
Delivered At Frontier....
(named place) |
| DES |
Delivered Ex Ship....
(named port of destination) |
| DEQ |
Delivered Ex Quay....
(named port of destination) |
| DDU |
Delivered Duty Unpaid....
(named place of destination) |
| DDP |
Delivered Duty Paid....
(named place of destination) |
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